"Assessment instruments in Islamic Religious Education subjects, especially
fiqh material, are still dominated by LOTS questions compared to HOTS,
so that students' critical and creative thinking abilities are not optimal. The
main objective of this study is to develop a HOTS instrument in the
Islamic Religious Education subject, fiqh material, in the form of 40
multiple-choice questions. This study is a Research and Development
(R&D) study using the 4D model, limited to the Development stage. The
experimental subjects in this study were 313 12th-grade high school
students in Jambi City. Data were collected through expert validation and
instrument trials. Data analysis was carried out using the Aiken's V index
and the Rasch model item response theory using QUEST software. The
Aiken's V results reached 0.95, which is classified as very valid.
Meanwhile, the results of the Rasch model analysis showed an item
reliability value of 0.96 and a person reliability value of 0.90. 75% of the
questions developed were included in the medium difficulty category, and
there were 36 items that were declared appropriate and 4 items that were
declared inappropriate. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the
HOTS instrument for fiqh material meets the criteria of being valid,
reliable, and suitable for use, although there are still several items that
need to be revised."